Metabolismo de carnosina, suplementação de β-alanina e desempenho físico: uma atualização - PARTE I
Resumo
Os papéis fisiológicos da carnosina tem despertado interesse recente, apesar de já ser uma substância estudada há anos. É formada através de aminoácidos (β-alanil e L-histidina) e juntamente com seus análogos metilados (anserina e ofidina-balenina) fazem parte da classe dos dipeptídeos contendo histidina (HCDs, do inglês Histidine-Containing Dipeptides), os quais são abundantemente encontrados em uma ampla gama de animais terrestres e aquáticos. Maiores concentrações estão no musculo esquelético e bulbo olfatório, estando em menor quantidade em regiões do sistema nervoso central, fluido cerebroespinhal, rins e baço. Dentre os papéis fisiológicos atribuídos a ela estão: função tamponante especialmente nas fibras tipo II; ação antioxidante e melhora da liberação do cálcio do retículo sarcoplasmático, e na sensibilidade do aparato contrátil ao cálcio. A suplementação de β-alanina é a forma mais eficiente de aumentar a carnosina muscular, e vem recebendo demasiado destaque na área de nutrição esportiva em anos recentes. Esta estratégia nutricional apresenta um efeito “dose-resposta” com a ingestão aguda, além da parestesia como efeito colateral. Até hoje permanece incerto o tempo exato de washout da carnosina no músculo esquelético após a interrupção da suplementação de β-alanina. Estudos futuros devem ser realizados para avaliar outros possíveis mecanismos de ação da carnosina, e confirmar os já existentes.
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