Influência da composição corporal e do desempenho físico em jogadoras de futebol altamente treinadas
Resumo
Introdução: A composição corporal é determinante no desempenho esportivo, influenciando força, velocidade e potência. Contudo, poucos estudos analisaram essa relação em jogadoras de futebol. Objetivos: Investigar a influência das variáveis de composição corporal na capacidade de salto, velocidade de sprint e mudança de direção (COD) em jogadoras altamente treinadas. Materiais e Métodos: Participaram 38 atletas da Segunda Divisão Espanhola, em um estudo transversal. A composição corporal foi avaliada por antropometria padronizada. Os testes incluíram saltos verticais (countermovement jump), horizontais, sprints de 40 m e o teste 505 de COD. Resultados: Encontraram-se correlações significativas entre composição corporal e desempenho nos sprints. A porcentagem de gordura corporal (r = -0,47 a 0,46, p<0,05) correlacionou-se negativamente com os tempos, enquanto maior massa muscular esquelética e massa livre de gordura associaram-se a melhor desempenho em sprints e saltos. Não houve relação significativa com COD. Jogadoras com menor percentual de gordura mostraram desempenho superior nos saltos horizontais, sprints de 20 m, 30 m, 40 m e velocidade máxima (ES: -0,78 a 0,68). Atletas com mais massa muscular tiveram melhor resultado no sprint de 10 m (p<0,05, ES: 0,56). Conclusões: Otimizar a composição corporal, aumentando massa muscular e reduzindo gordura excessiva, é fundamental para aprimorar sprints e saltos. Treinadores devem adotar estratégias individualizadas de treino e nutrição para alcançar tais melhorias.
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