Baja disponibilidad energética como principal componente para identificar la tríada atleta femenina o deficiencia energética relativa en la prevalencia del deporte en atletas brasileñas: una revisión sistemática
Resumen
Introducción y Objetivo: La Triada de la Atleta Femenina (TMA) y la Deficiencia Energética Relativa en el Deporte (RED-S) son síndromes conocidos por afectar la salud y el rendimiento de los atletas. Desde 2007, la energía disponible baja (BED) se considera como el factor etiológico de ambas condiciones. Esta revisión tiene como objetivo identificar la prevalencia de TMA y RED-S en atletas brasileños, considerando el BED como el componente principal. Materiales y Métodos: Esta es una revisión sistemática basada en la guía PRISMA (Key Items for Reporting Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses). Se realizaron búsquedas en las siguientes bases de datos: Scopus, EMBASE, Web of Science, PubMed, BVS, Google Scholar y CAPES Catalog of Theses and Dissertations de junio a agosto de 2020. Se realizaron búsquedas en los instrumentos de Evaluación Crítica del Instituto Joanna Briggs (JBI) para evaluar la calidad. de los estudios Resultados: La búsqueda inicial resultó en 454 estudios. Después de aplicar los criterios de inclusión, tres estudios fueron elegibles para esta revisión. La prevalencia de MAT encontrada en atletas brasileños varía entre 4% y 4,2%, con base en la presencia de TPA. Conclusión: Aunque los casos de trastornos alimentarios en deportistas a menudo progresan a deficiencia energética y, en consecuencia, a MALA y RED-S, otras conductas alimentarias no intencionadas pueden conducir a TA. Considerar un trastorno alimentario como el único factor de riesgo para detectar deficiencia energética puede subestimar la prevalencia de ABD, ya que muchos atletas en BED no tienen un trastorno alimentario.
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