Effects of probiotics in triathletes: integrative review
Abstract
Probiotics are live microorganisms that inhabit the gastrointestinal tract (GIT), which in adequate amounts have beneficial effects to the host. The composition of the gut microbiota is subject to several factors, both intrinsic and extrinsic. Thus, in recent years, several strategies have been used with nutritional supplementation of probiotics in order to improve sports performance, reduce gastrointestinal complaints and common infectious diseases in athletes. The present research is, then, an integrative review which aims to analyze the supplementation of probiotics and its impact on the gastrointestinal system, immune system and performance in triathletes. For the development of this research, studies, in the Pubmed, Scielo and Elsevier databases, were used, from 2011 to 2021, with the following descriptors: Gut Microbiota, Performance and Recovery, Probiotic Supplements and Triathletes. Overall, eight articles met the eligibility criteria. Some studies have shown positive results not only for the athletes’ performance, but also for the adaptation and physiological recovery that influence the improvement of training, competitive performance and the athlete’s health recovery. However, given the different forms of methodology addressed in researches, further studies are needed to verify the effects of probiotics and which strains (dosage and supplementation period) are more effective in sports practice.
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