The different types of substrates used in athlete's hydration to improve performance
Abstract
The dehydration can lead to a decrease ofthe athlete's performance. Several sport drinks have been used to minimize the negative effects of this process. The objective of this review is to present the different types of substracts used in the sport drinks to the maintenance of the hydro electrolytic balance and their influence on physical performance. The fluid composition is a decisive factor on performance. The water intake is essential for the maintenance of thermoregulation, and the lack of its replacement affects the capacity to exercise. The electrolyte presence, mainly sodium, may aid in the hydration process, considering that it increases the palatability, the glucose and water absorption, and it decreases hyponatremia's risks contributing to the plasmatic osmolarity maintenance. The drinks containing carbohydrate can offer advantages for the exercises, as glycemic decreases precaution, stimulus of the fluids and electrolytes absorption and palatability increases, considering the type and the concentration of this substract. Another substance studied recently is the glycerol, because it has as a possible objective to reach the hyperhydration and to increase the plasmatic volume. In conclusion, it is possible to say that the combinations of water, carbohydrate and electrolytes correspond as the best alternative to hydro electrolytic replacement, because it restores the lost perspiration and it extends the muscular fatigue, contributing to improve the athletic performance.
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