Los diferentes tipos de sustratos utilizados en la hidratación de los deportistas para mejorar el rendimiento
Resumen
La deshidratación puede conducir a una caída en el rendimiento del atleta. Se han utilizado varias bebidas reconstituyentes para minimizar los efectos negativos de este proceso. El objetivo de esta revisión es presentar los diferentes tipos de sustratos utilizados en las bebidas de reposición y sus influencias en relación al rendimiento físico. La ingesta de agua es fundamental para mantener la termorregulación, su insuficiente reposición afecta a la capacidad de realizar ejercicio. La presencia de electrolitos, principalmente sodio, puede ayudar en el proceso de hidratación, aumentando la palatabilidad, la absorción de glucosa y agua, reduciendo el riesgo de hiponatremia y contribuyendo al mantenimiento de la osmolaridad plasmática. Las bebidas con hidratos de carbono ofrecen ventajas para el ejercicio, ya que evitan el descenso de la glucosa en sangre, estimulan la absorción de líquidos y electrolitos y aumentan la palatabilidad. Otra sustancia recientemente estudiada es el glicerol, ya que su posible objetivo es conseguir una hiperhidratación y aumentar el volumen plasmático. Dado lo anterior, se puede decir que la combinación de agua, carbohidratos y electrolitos brindan la mejor alternativa para la reposición hidroelectrolítica, ya que repone el sudor perdido y prolonga la fatiga muscular, contribuyendo así a la mejora del rendimiento deportivo.
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