Relationship between diet quality, eating behavior, and gastrointestinal problems in recreational runners in Brazil: a cross-sectional study
Abstract
Street running, a popular sport in Brazil, imposes high metabolic demands that can lead to gastrointestinal symptoms, compromising performance. The objective was to investigate the relationship between diet quality, eating behavior, and the prevalence of gastrointestinal symptoms in Brazilian recreational runners. This was a cross-sectional observational study with 195 runners. Data collection was online, using validated questionnaires to assess diet quality (QAS), eating behavior (TFEQ-R21, ECAP, Emotional Eating Scale), and gastrointestinal symptoms (Exercise-Related GI Symptoms Questionnaire, GSRS). The sample was predominantly female (53.8%), with a average age of 38.3 ± 12.0 years. The overall dietary pattern showed high nutritional quality (94.4% consuming whole or minimally processed foods). However, 21.0% of participants reported frequent gastrointestinal symptoms (score ≥ 3), with flatulence/gas being the most prevalent (72.8%). Multiple linear regression identified uncontrolled eating (β=0.29, p=0.008) and discomfort with supplements (β=0.34, p=0.042) as significant predictors of gastrointestinal symptom frequency. Mediation analysis revealed that cognitive restriction indirectly affects gastrointestinal symptoms through increased supplement intolerance. Despite a high-quality diet, aspects of eating behavior and intolerance to energy supplements are crucial factors predicting the occurrence of gastrointestinal symptoms. Nutritional interventions should address eating behavior and the individualization of supplementation to optimize the gastrointestinal health and performance of this population.
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